- dev - passt

[PATCH] Revert "MAKE: Fix parallel builds; .o files; .gitignore; new makedocs"
by Stefano Brivio 10 Jul '23

10 Jul '23

This reverts commit cc2a6bec3cf2ff6ed0c043ada93d352466614373: I applied that patch by mistake. Fixes: cc2a6bec3cf2 ("MAKE: Fix parallel builds; .o files; .gitignore; new makedocs") Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio(a)redhat.com> --- .gitignore | 1 - Makefile | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- makedocs.pl | 19 ------------------- 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 makedocs.pl diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index caeafa5..d3d0e2c 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ *~ -*.o /passt /passt.avx2 /pasta diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 4c99771..a5256f5 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -100,41 +100,29 @@ else BIN := passt pasta qrap endif -.NOTPARALLEL: seccomp.h -all: seccomp.h $(BIN) $(MANPAGES) docs - -PASST_OBJS = $(PASST_SRCS:.c=.o) -PASST_AVX2_OBJS = $(PASST_SRCS:.c=.avx2.o) -OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o) -QRAP_OBJS = $(QRAP_SRCS:.c=.o) -AVXFLAGS += -Ofast -mavx2 -ftree-vectorize -funroll-loops +all: $(BIN) $(MANPAGES) docs static: FLAGS += -static -DGLIBC_NO_STATIC_NSS -static: clean seccomp.h all +static: clean all seccomp.h: seccomp.sh $(PASST_SRCS) $(PASST_HEADERS) @ EXTRA_SYSCALLS="$(EXTRA_SYSCALLS)" ARCH="$(TARGET_ARCH)" CC="$(CC)" ./seccomp.sh $(PASST_SRCS) $(PASST_HEADERS) -.c.o: - $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ - -$(PASST_AVX2_OBJS): seccomp.h - $(CC) $(AVXFLAGS) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $(@:.avx2.o=.c) -o $@ - -passt: $(PASST_OBJS) seccomp.h - $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(PASST_OBJS) -o passt $(LDFLAGS) +passt: $(PASST_SRCS) $(HEADERS) + $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(PASST_SRCS) -o passt $(LDFLAGS) -passt.avx2: $(PASST_AVX2_OBJS) $(HEADERS) seccomp.h - $(CC) $(filter-out -O2,$(FLAGS)) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AVXFLAGS) \ - $(PASST_AVX2_OBJS) -o passt.avx2 $(LDFLAGS) +passt.avx2: FLAGS += -Ofast -mavx2 -ftree-vectorize -funroll-loops +passt.avx2: $(PASST_SRCS) $(HEADERS) + $(CC) $(filter-out -O2,$(FLAGS)) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) \ + $(PASST_SRCS) -o passt.avx2 $(LDFLAGS) -passt.avx2: passt seccomp.h +passt.avx2: passt pasta.avx2 pasta.1 pasta: pasta%: passt% ln -sf $< $@ -qrap: $(QRAP_OBJS) passt.h seccomp.h - $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(QRAP_OBJS) -o qrap $(LDFLAGS) +qrap: $(QRAP_SRCS) passt.h + $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(QRAP_SRCS) -o qrap $(LDFLAGS) valgrind: EXTRA_SYSCALLS += rt_sigprocmask rt_sigtimedwait rt_sigaction \ getpid gettid kill clock_gettime mmap \ @@ -182,8 +170,21 @@ pkgs: static # other way around: the web version should be obtained by adding HTML and # JavaScript portions to a plain Markdown, instead. However, cgit needs to use # a file in the git tree. Find a better way around this. -docs: - [ ! -e doc/ ]; mkdir docs; perl makedocs.pl > docs/README.plain.md +docs: README.md + @( \ + skip=0; \ + while read l; do \ + case $$l in \ + "## Demo") exit 0 ;; \ + "<!"*) ;; \ + "</"*) skip=1 ;; \ + "<"*) skip=2 ;; \ + esac; \ + \ + [ $$skip -eq 0 ] && echo "$$l"; \ + [ $$skip -eq 1 ] && skip=0; \ + done < README.md; \ + ) > README.plain.md # Checkers currently disabled for clang-tidy: # - llvmlibc-restrict-system-libc-headers diff --git a/makedocs.pl b/makedocs.pl deleted file mode 100644 index 295e1d9..0000000 --- a/makedocs.pl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -use strict; - -my $str = ''; -my $regex = qr/(<[^\/].*?>.*?<\/.*?>\n?)|(<\/div>)|(<\/p>)/msp; -my $subst = ''; - - -local $/=undef; -open FILE, '<', 'README.md' or die "Can't open file $!"; -my $file_content = <FILE>; -close FILE; -#print "Source: $file_content\n"; -my $result = $file_content =~ s/$regex//rg; - -my $regex2 = qr/\n[ \n]{3,}\n/msp; -$result = $result =~ s/$regex2/\n\n/rg; - -#print "The result of the substitution is: $result\n"; -print "$result\n"; -- 2.39.2

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[PATCH v2] tap: Explicitly drop IPv4 fragments, and give a warning
by David Gibson 07 Jul '23

07 Jul '23

We don't handle defragmentation of IP packets coming from the tap side, and we're unlikely to any time soon (with our large MTU, it's not useful for practical use cases). Currently, however, we simply ignore the fragmentation flags and treat fragments as though they were whole IP packets. This isn't ideal and can lead to rather cryptic behaviour if we do receive IP fragments. Change the code to explicitly drop fragmented packets, and print a rate limited warning if we do encounter them. Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=62 Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david(a)gibson.dropbear.id.au> --- tap.c | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+) Changes since v1: * Added missing ntohs() diff --git a/tap.c b/tap.c index e3235299..a6a73d3b 100644 --- a/tap.c +++ b/tap.c @@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ static PACKET_POOL_NOINIT(pool_tap4, TAP_MSGS, pkt_buf); static PACKET_POOL_NOINIT(pool_tap6, TAP_MSGS, pkt_buf); #define TAP_SEQS 128 /* Different L4 tuples in one batch */ +#define FRAGMENT_MSG_RATE 10 /* # seconds between fragment warnings */ /** * tap_send() - Send frame, with qemu socket header if needed @@ -543,6 +544,32 @@ static void tap_packet_debug(const struct iphdr *iph, } } +/** + * tap4_is_fragment() - Determine if a packet is an IP fragment + * @iph: IPv4 header (length already validated) + * @now: Current timestamp + * + * Return: true if iph is an IP fragment, false otherwise + */ +static bool tap4_is_fragment(const struct iphdr *iph, + const struct timespec *now) +{ + if (ntohs(iph->frag_off) & ~IP_DF) { + /* Ratelimit messages */ + static time_t last_message; + static unsigned num_dropped; + + num_dropped++; + if (now->tv_sec - last_message > FRAGMENT_MSG_RATE) { + warn("Can't process IPv4 fragments (%lu dropped)", num_dropped); + last_message = now->tv_sec; + num_dropped = 0; + } + return true; + } + return false; +} + /** * tap4_handler() - IPv4 and ARP packet handler for tap file descriptor * @c: Execution context @@ -591,6 +618,10 @@ resume: hlen > l3_len) continue; + /* We don't handle IP fragments, drop them */ + if (tap4_is_fragment(iph, now)) + continue; + l4_len = l3_len - hlen; if (iph->saddr && c->ip4.addr_seen.s_addr != iph->saddr) { -- 2.41.0

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[PATCH] tap: Explicitly drop IPv4 fragments, and give a warning
by David Gibson 05 Jul '23

05 Jul '23

We don't handle defragmentation of IP packets coming from the tap side, and we're unlikely to any time soon (with our large MTU, it's not useful for practical use cases). Currently, however, we simply ignore the fragmentation flags and treat fragments as though they were whole IP packets. This isn't ideal and can lead to rather cryptic behaviour if we do receive IP fragments. Change the code to explicitly drop fragmented packets, and print a rate limited warning if we do encounter them. Bugzilla: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=62 Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david(a)gibson.dropbear.id.au> --- tap.c | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+) diff --git a/tap.c b/tap.c index e3235299..2e6939fa 100644 --- a/tap.c +++ b/tap.c @@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ static PACKET_POOL_NOINIT(pool_tap4, TAP_MSGS, pkt_buf); static PACKET_POOL_NOINIT(pool_tap6, TAP_MSGS, pkt_buf); #define TAP_SEQS 128 /* Different L4 tuples in one batch */ +#define FRAGMENT_MSG_RATE 10 /* # seconds between fragment warnings */ /** * tap_send() - Send frame, with qemu socket header if needed @@ -543,6 +544,32 @@ static void tap_packet_debug(const struct iphdr *iph, } } +/** + * tap4_is_fragment() - Determine if a packet is an IP fragment + * @iph: IPv4 header (length already validated) + * @now: Current timestamp + * + * Return: true if iph is an IP fragment, false otherwise + */ +static bool tap4_is_fragment(const struct iphdr *iph, + const struct timespec *now) +{ + if (iph->frag_off & ~IP_DF) { + /* Ratelimit messages */ + static time_t last_message; + static unsigned num_dropped; + + num_dropped++; + if (now->tv_sec - last_message > FRAGMENT_MSG_RATE) { + warn("Can't process IPv4 fragments (%lu dropped)", num_dropped); + last_message = now->tv_sec; + num_dropped = 0; + } + return true; + } + return false; +} + /** * tap4_handler() - IPv4 and ARP packet handler for tap file descriptor * @c: Execution context @@ -591,6 +618,10 @@ resume: hlen > l3_len) continue; + /* We don't handle IP fragments, drop them */ + if (tap4_is_fragment(iph, now)) + continue; + l4_len = l3_len - hlen; if (iph->saddr && c->ip4.addr_seen.s_addr != iph->saddr) { -- 2.41.0

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[PATCH] MAKE: Fix parallel builds; .o files; .gitignore; new makedocs
by KuhnChris 02 Jul '23

02 Jul '23

From: KuhnChris <kuhnchris(a)kuhnchris.eu> --- .gitignore | 1 + Makefile | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- makedocs.pl | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) create mode 100644 makedocs.pl diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index d3d0e2c..caeafa5 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ *~ +*.o /passt /passt.avx2 /pasta diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index a5256f5..4c99771 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -100,29 +100,41 @@ else BIN := passt pasta qrap endif -all: $(BIN) $(MANPAGES) docs +.NOTPARALLEL: seccomp.h +all: seccomp.h $(BIN) $(MANPAGES) docs + +PASST_OBJS = $(PASST_SRCS:.c=.o) +PASST_AVX2_OBJS = $(PASST_SRCS:.c=.avx2.o) +OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o) +QRAP_OBJS = $(QRAP_SRCS:.c=.o) +AVXFLAGS += -Ofast -mavx2 -ftree-vectorize -funroll-loops static: FLAGS += -static -DGLIBC_NO_STATIC_NSS -static: clean all +static: clean seccomp.h all seccomp.h: seccomp.sh $(PASST_SRCS) $(PASST_HEADERS) @ EXTRA_SYSCALLS="$(EXTRA_SYSCALLS)" ARCH="$(TARGET_ARCH)" CC="$(CC)" ./seccomp.sh $(PASST_SRCS) $(PASST_HEADERS) -passt: $(PASST_SRCS) $(HEADERS) - $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(PASST_SRCS) -o passt $(LDFLAGS) +.c.o: + $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ + +$(PASST_AVX2_OBJS): seccomp.h + $(CC) $(AVXFLAGS) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $(@:.avx2.o=.c) -o $@ + +passt: $(PASST_OBJS) seccomp.h + $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(PASST_OBJS) -o passt $(LDFLAGS) -passt.avx2: FLAGS += -Ofast -mavx2 -ftree-vectorize -funroll-loops -passt.avx2: $(PASST_SRCS) $(HEADERS) - $(CC) $(filter-out -O2,$(FLAGS)) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) \ - $(PASST_SRCS) -o passt.avx2 $(LDFLAGS) +passt.avx2: $(PASST_AVX2_OBJS) $(HEADERS) seccomp.h + $(CC) $(filter-out -O2,$(FLAGS)) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AVXFLAGS) \ + $(PASST_AVX2_OBJS) -o passt.avx2 $(LDFLAGS) -passt.avx2: passt +passt.avx2: passt seccomp.h pasta.avx2 pasta.1 pasta: pasta%: passt% ln -sf $< $@ -qrap: $(QRAP_SRCS) passt.h - $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(QRAP_SRCS) -o qrap $(LDFLAGS) +qrap: $(QRAP_OBJS) passt.h seccomp.h + $(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(QRAP_OBJS) -o qrap $(LDFLAGS) valgrind: EXTRA_SYSCALLS += rt_sigprocmask rt_sigtimedwait rt_sigaction \ getpid gettid kill clock_gettime mmap \ @@ -170,21 +182,8 @@ pkgs: static # other way around: the web version should be obtained by adding HTML and # JavaScript portions to a plain Markdown, instead. However, cgit needs to use # a file in the git tree. Find a better way around this. -docs: README.md - @( \ - skip=0; \ - while read l; do \ - case $$l in \ - "## Demo") exit 0 ;; \ - "<!"*) ;; \ - "</"*) skip=1 ;; \ - "<"*) skip=2 ;; \ - esac; \ - \ - [ $$skip -eq 0 ] && echo "$$l"; \ - [ $$skip -eq 1 ] && skip=0; \ - done < README.md; \ - ) > README.plain.md +docs: + [ ! -e doc/ ]; mkdir docs; perl makedocs.pl > docs/README.plain.md # Checkers currently disabled for clang-tidy: # - llvmlibc-restrict-system-libc-headers diff --git a/makedocs.pl b/makedocs.pl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..295e1d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/makedocs.pl @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +use strict; + +my $str = ''; +my $regex = qr/(<[^\/].*?>.*?<\/.*?>\n?)|(<\/div>)|(<\/p>)/msp; +my $subst = ''; + + +local $/=undef; +open FILE, '<', 'README.md' or die "Can't open file $!"; +my $file_content = <FILE>; +close FILE; +#print "Source: $file_content\n"; +my $result = $file_content =~ s/$regex//rg; + +my $regex2 = qr/\n[ \n]{3,}\n/msp; +$result = $result =~ s/$regex2/\n\n/rg; + +#print "The result of the substitution is: $result\n"; +print "$result\n"; -- 2.30.2

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[PATCH 0/2] Fix bugs in validation of interface names
by David Gibson 28 Jun '23

28 Jun '23

We have a number of off by one bugs when checking the lengths of networking interface names. David Gibson (2): conf: Fix size checking of -I interface name conf: Correct length checking of interface names in conf_ports() conf.c | 15 ++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) -- 2.41.0

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passt: new version 2023_06_27.289301b available
by Stefano Brivio 27 Jun '23

27 Jun '23

The new version with tag 2023_06_27.289301b includes the following change: 289301b netlink: Use correct interface index in NL_SET mode https://passt.top/passt/log/?qt=range&q=2023_06_25.32660ce..2023_06_27.2893… Packages: - Arch Linux: https://www.archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/passt/ https://archlinuxarm.org/packages/aarch64/passt https://archlinuxarm.org/packages/armv7h/passt - Debian tracker: https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/passt - Copr (CentOS Stream, EPEL, Fedora, Mageia, openSUSE): https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/sbrivio/passt/build/6119154/ permanent mirror: https://passt.top/builds/copr/0^20230627.g289301b/ - Fedora updates: https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?packages=passt - Ubuntu tracker: https://packages.ubuntu.com/lunar/passt - Void Linux: https://voidlinux.org/packages/?q=passt - Static builds: - Package for other RPM-based distributions, x86_64 only: https://passt.top/builds/latest/x86_64/passt-g289301b-1.x86_64.rpm - x86_64 static binaries: https://passt.top/builds/latest/x86_64/ - Debian package, from x86_64 static build: https://passt.top/builds/latest/x86_64/passt_289301b-1_all.deb -- Stefano

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[PATCH] netlink: Use correct interface index in NL_SET mode
by David Gibson 27 Jun '23

27 Jun '23

nl_addr() and nl_route() take an 'op' selector which affects a number of parameters to the netlink call. Unfortunately when we introduced this option a bug was introduced so that we always use the interface index for the host side, rather than the one for the pasta namespace. Really, the entire interface to nl_addr() and nl_route() is pretty bad: it's tightly coupled with the use cases of its callers. This is a minimal fix which doesn't address that, but also doesn't make it significantly worse. Bugzilla: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=59 Fixes: 2fe046185634 ("netlink: Add functionality to copy routes from outer namespace") Fixes: e89da3cf03b2 ("netlink: Add functionality to copy addresses from outer namespace") Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david(a)gibson.dropbear.id.au> --- netlink.c | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/netlink.c b/netlink.c index bc5b2bf9..e15e23f9 100644 --- a/netlink.c +++ b/netlink.c @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ void nl_route(enum nl_op op, unsigned int ifi, unsigned int ifi_ns, .rta.rta_type = RTA_OIF, .rta.rta_len = RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(unsigned int)), - .ifi = ifi, + .ifi = op == NL_SET ? ifi_ns : ifi, }; unsigned dup_routes = 0; ssize_t n, nlmsgs_size; @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ void nl_addr(enum nl_op op, unsigned int ifi, unsigned int ifi_ns, .nlh.nlmsg_seq = nl_seq++, .ifa.ifa_family = af, - .ifa.ifa_index = ifi, + .ifa.ifa_index = op == NL_SET ? ifi_ns : ifi, .ifa.ifa_prefixlen = op == NL_SET ? *prefix_len : 0, }; ssize_t n, nlmsgs_size; -- 2.41.0

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passt: new version 2023_06_25.32660ce available
by Stefano Brivio 26 Jun '23

26 Jun '23

The new version with tag 2023_06_25.32660ce includes the following changes: 32660ce pasta: include errno in error message 594dce6 isolation: keep CAP_SYS_PTRACE when required 5b646b9 conf: Accept -a and -g without --config-net in pasta mode d034fb6 conf: Make -a/--address really imply --no-copy-addrs db29fd2 seccomp: Make seccomp.sh re-entrancy safe 3c6d1b9 conf, log: On -h / --help, print usage to stdout, not stderr d072ac2 tap: With pasta, don't reset on tap errors, handle write failures https://passt.top/passt/log/?qt=range&q=2023_06_03.429e1a7..2023_06_25.3266… Packages: - Arch Linux: https://www.archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/passt/ https://archlinuxarm.org/packages/aarch64/passt https://archlinuxarm.org/packages/armv7h/passt - Debian tracker: https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/passt - Copr (CentOS Stream, EPEL, Fedora, Mageia, openSUSE): https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/sbrivio/passt/build/6113117/ permanent mirror: https://passt.top/builds/copr/0^20230625.g32660ce/ - Fedora updates: https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?packages=passt - Ubuntu tracker: https://packages.ubuntu.com/lunar/passt - Void Linux: https://voidlinux.org/packages/?q=passt - Static builds: - Package for other RPM-based distributions, x86_64 only: https://passt.top/builds/latest/x86_64/passt-g32660ce-1.x86_64.rpm - x86_64 static binaries: https://passt.top/builds/latest/x86_64/ - Debian package, from x86_64 static build: https://passt.top/builds/latest/x86_64/passt_32660ce-1_all.deb -- Stefano

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[PATCH] isolation: keep CAP_SYS_PTRACE when required
by Paul Holzinger 26 Jun '23

26 Jun '23

When pasta is started from an existing userns and tries to join the netns from another process it fails to open /proc/$pid/ns/net due the missing CAP_SYS_PTRACE capability in the --netns-only case. A simple reproducer for this. First create a userns: $ unshare -r Then create a new netns inside it and try to join that netns with pasta. $ unshare -n sleep inf & $ pasta --config-net --netns /proc/$!/ns/net Signed-off-by: Paul Holzinger <pholzing(a)redhat.com> --- isolation.c | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/isolation.c b/isolation.c index 19932bf..1866724 100644 --- a/isolation.c +++ b/isolation.c @@ -202,9 +202,11 @@ void isolate_initial(void) * a mapping from UID 0, which only happens with pasta spawning a child * from a non-init user namespace (pasta can't run as root), we need to * retain CAP_SETFCAP too. + * We also need to keep CAP_SYS_PTRACE in order to join an existing netns + * path under /proc/$pid/ns/net which was created in the same userns. */ if (!ns_is_init() && !geteuid()) - keep |= BIT(CAP_SETFCAP); + keep |= BIT(CAP_SETFCAP) | BIT(CAP_SYS_PTRACE); drop_caps_ep_except(keep); } -- 2.41.0

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[PATCH] pasta: include errno in error message
by Paul Holzinger 26 Jun '23

26 Jun '23

When the open() or setns() calls fails pasta exits early and prints an error. However it did not include the errno so it was impossible to know why the syscall failed. Signed-off-by: Paul Holzinger <pholzing(a)redhat.com> --- pasta.c | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/pasta.c b/pasta.c index 13ab18b..27809d2 100644 --- a/pasta.c +++ b/pasta.c @@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ void pasta_open_ns(struct ctx *c, const char *netns) nfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); if (nfd < 0) - die("Couldn't open network namespace %s", netns); + die("Couldn't open network namespace %s: %s", netns, strerror(errno)); c->pasta_netns_fd = nfd; NS_CALL(ns_check, c); if (c->pasta_netns_fd < 0) - die("Couldn't switch to pasta namespaces"); + die("Couldn't switch to pasta namespaces: %s", strerror(errno)); if (!c->no_netns_quit) { char buf[PATH_MAX] = { 0 }; @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ void pasta_start_ns(struct ctx *c, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, NS_CALL(pasta_wait_for_ns, c); if (c->pasta_netns_fd < 0) - die("Failed to join network namespace"); + die("Failed to join network namespace: %s", strerror(errno)); } /** -- 2.41.0

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